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F = ma (First 10)
Dimensional Analysis
FMA-2026-06 · 2026 F = ma (AAPT)

2026 F = ma Exam — Question 6

Newton’s Impact Depth Approximation provides an estimate on how far a projectile will penetrate a material at high speeds. If a projectile of length L and density ρA impacts a wall of density ρB , Newton’s approximation states that the projectile will penetrate to a depth of D = L ρρBA . Assuming this is true for all velocities, how does the average force the wall exerts on the projectile F scale with the initial projectile speed v?
Source: Question 6, 2026 F = ma Exam, © 2026 American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) and the U.S. Physics Team. Adapted by PhysicsTrainer: reformatted into a separate question and answer choices for online multiple-choice practice; any shared setup from nearby questions is repeated here. Not affiliated with or endorsed by AAPT or the U.S. Physics Team.